Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1
Incidence of organ and tissue deficiencies, or the number of surgical procedures
related to these deficiencies, in the United States. This is a partial list compiled from
sources that include the American Diabetes Association, American Liver Foundation,
Muscular Dystrophy Association, American Red Cross, American Kidney Foundation,
The Wilkerson Group, Cowen and Co., American Academy of Orthopedic Surgery, Amer-
ican Heart Association, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Source
Book of Health Insurance (Health Assurance Association of America) 1991, Federal
Register, and Department of Health and Human Service (Medicare-based information).
[Reprinted with permission from Langer R, Vacanti JP (1993) Science 260:920, copyright
1993 AAAS]
Indication
Procedures or patients per year
Skin
Burns
∗
2 150 000
Pressure sores
1 500 000
Venous stasis ulcers
500 000
Diabetic ulcers
600 000
Neuromuscular disorders
200 000
Spinal cord and nerves
40 000
Bone
Joint replacement
558 200
Bone graft
275 000
Internal fixation
480 000
Facial reconstruction
30 000
Cartilage
Patella resurfacing
216 000
Chondomalacia patellae
103 400
Meniscal repair
250 000
Arthritis (knee)
149 900
Arthritis (hip)
219 300
Fingers and small joints
179 000
Osteochondritis dissecans
14 500
Te n d o n r e p a i r
33 000
Ligament repair
90 000
Blood vessels
Heart
754 000
Large and small vessels
606 000
Liver
Metabolic disorders
5000
Liver cirrhosis
175 000
Liver cancer
25 000
Pancreas (diabetes)
728 000
Intestine
100 000
Kidney
600 000
∗
Approximately 150 000 of these individuals are hospitalized and 10 000 die annually
