Biomedical Engineering Reference
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Fig. 9.6 Multimodal imaging system combining optical and X-ray imaging. The scintillator plate
is moved into the detection path for X-ray imaging
Fig. 9.6 [ 29 ]. When taking X-ray images, the moveable CsI scintillator plate is
moved into the imaging path and the X-ray irradiates the animal from above. The X-
rays are differentially absorbed by bone and soft tissue, creating a projection of the
animal's anatomical structure onto the phosphor screen. The phosphor plate then
converts the X-ray signal to visible light, and the light is captured by the CCD
camera at very high resolution. As both optical and radiographic images are captured
at the same plane, they can be easily and precisely overlaid into one coregistered
multimodal image.
9.2.7
Other Multimodal Imaging Systems
9.2.7.1
Multimodal Confocal Imaging Systems
Confocal imaging is an established optical imaging technique used for high-
resolution imaging of cells and tissues. It can be performed in either reflectance
or fluorescence mode, and both modes provide valuable and complementary infor-
mation about disease processes. The combination of reflectance and fluorescence
modes allows investigation of morphological change as well as molecular change
in tissue, providing valuable and complementary information about the tissue.
The multimodal system may have higher sensitivity and specificity in detecting
precancerous lesions at earlier stages of neoplastic progression by imaging the
molecular changes using molecular-specific contrast agents as well as the morpho-
logical changes [ 30 - 32 ].
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