Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
G
(
x
),
F
(
x
),
H
(
x
)
functions of the cell structure and its dimensionless length of the bio-
mass in
Eq. (3.10)
(
)
HR
heat of combustion or heat of reaction (kJ/mol)
HF
heat of formation (kJ/mol)
H
weight percentage of hydrogen (%)
HHV
high heating value of fuel (kJ/kg)
h
g
latent heat of vaporization (kJ/kg)
K
eff
effective thermal conductivity of biomass (W/m K)
K
s
thermal conductivity of the solid in dry wood (W/m K)
K
w
thermal conductivity of the moisture in dry wood (W/m K)
K
g
thermal conductivity of the gas in dry wood (W/m K)
K
rad
radiative contribution to the conductivity of wood (W/m K)
LHV
low heating value of fuel (kJ/kg)
M
wet
biomass moisture expressed in wet basis (
)
M
dry
biomass moisture expressed in dry basis (
)
m
d
moisture percentage (by weight, %)
M
weight percentage of moisture (%)
M
a
mass of surface moisture in biomass (kg)
M
i
mass of inherent moisture in biomass (kg)
M
f
mass of fuel (kg)
M
w
mass of moisture in the fuel (kg)
M
ash
mass of ash in the fuel (kg)
m
i
mass fraction of the ith gas (
)
MW
molecular weight of gas mixture (
)
n
number of moles (
)
n
i
mole fraction of the ith gas (
)
N
weight percentage of nitrogen (%)
O
weight percentage of oxygen (%)
P
i
partial pressure of the ith gas (Pa)
P
total pressure of the gas (Pa)
Q
heat content of fuel (kJ)
R
universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol K)
sp.gr
specific gravity (
)
S
weight percentage of sulfur (%)
T
temperature (K)
W
wet
weight of wet biomass (kg)
W
dry
weight of dry biomass (kg)
VM
weight percentage of volatile matter (%)
volume of gas (m
3
)
V
V
i
volume fraction of the ith gas (
)
Δ
H
comb
heat of combustion or reaction, kJ/mol
true density of biomass (kg/m
3
)
ρ
true
apparent density of biomass (kg/m
3
)
ρ
apparent
bulk density of biomass (kg/m
3
)
ρ
bulk
ε
void fraction (
)
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