Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
25 Antibiotics
Piet Herdewijn
CONTENTS
25.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 420
25.2 Antibiotics Affecting Bacterial Cell Wall Formation ....................................................... 420
25.2.1 b-Lactam Antibiotics ........................................................................................... 420
25.2.1.1 General ................................................................................................. 420
25.2.1.2 Penicillins............................................................................................. 421
25.2.1.3 Cephalosporins..................................................................................... 423
25.2.1.4 Nontraditional b-Lactam Antibiotics ................................................... 427
25.2.2 Bacitracin ............................................................................................................. 429
25.2.3 Vancomycin and Related Products ...................................................................... 430
25.3 Antibiotics Affecting the Cytoplasmic Membrane ........................................................... 430
25.3.1 Antibiotics that Disorganize Membrane Structure .............................................. 430
25.3.1.1 Tyrothricin............................................................................................ 430
25.3.1.2 Polymyxin ............................................................................................ 431
25.3.2 Antibiotics with Altered Membrane Permeability............................................... 431
25.3.2.1 Gramicidins.......................................................................................... 431
25.3.2.2 Polyether Antibiotics ............................................................................ 431
25.4 Antibiotics Affecting Nucleic Acid Synthesis .................................................................. 433
25.4.1 Actinomycin and Anthracyclines......................................................................... 433
25.4.2 Antibiotics that Inhibit RNA Polymerase ............................................................ 433
25.4.2.1 Novobiocin ........................................................................................... 434
25.4.2.2 Quinolones ........................................................................................... 434
25.5 Antibiotics Affecting the Protein Synthesis...................................................................... 434
25.5.1 Inhibitors of the 30 S Ribosomal Subunit............................................................ 434
25.5.1.1 Aminoglycosides .................................................................................. 434
25.5.1.2 Tetracyclines......................................................................................... 439
25.5.2 Inhibitors of the 50 S Ribosomal Subunit............................................................440
25.5.2.1 Chloramphenicol ..................................................................................440
25.5.2.2 Macrolides ............................................................................................440
25.5.2.3 Lincomycin, Clindamycin .................................................................... 441
25.5.2.4 Fusidic Acid.......................................................................................... 441
25.6 Cell Walls of Bacteria ....................................................................................................... 441
25.7 Membranes........................................................................................................................444
25.8 Nucleic Acid Synthesis......................................................................................................444
25.9 Protein Synthesis............................................................................................................... 445
25.10 New Developments in Antibacterial Research.................................................................. 445
25.11 Concluding Remarks......................................................................................................... 447
Further Readings............................................................................................................................ 447
419
 
Search WWH ::




Custom Search