Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
(b)
B = -1 °C/min
m
ext
B = -10 °C/min
1.0
1.0
cpa,0
[osmol m
-3
water
]
0
1000
2000
5000
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
(c)
(d)
Temperature, T [°C]
Temperature, T [°C]
B = -30 °C/min
B = -50 °C/min
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
(e)
Temperature, T [°C]
(f)
Temperature, T [°C]
B = -400 °C/m
in
B = -100 °C/min
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
Temperature, T [°C]
Temperature, T [°C]
Fig. 15 Model results in terms of PIIF vs temperature at various cooling rates and CPA
concentrations (adapted from [
10
]). In all panels CPA content has been varied from 0 to
5000 osmol
=
m
water
as indicated in the legend of panel (a); cooling rates equal to -1C/min (a),
-10C/min (b), -30C/min (c), -50C/min (d), -100C/min (e), -400C/min (f) has been
considered
limitation of osmosis. Of course, at the intermediate cooling rates considered in
this work (i.e. -30, -50 and -100C/min, in Fig.
15
c-e), a continuous variation
between these two extreme system behaviours is obtained, so that the effects of a
reduced time for osmosis or an increased solution viscosity contrast each other
until one of them eventually prevails, depending on the CPA content and the size
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