Biomedical Engineering Reference
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(a)
(b)
7x10
16
PIIF
PIIF
detect
PIIF
init
Temp
erature [°C]
22
-3
-13
-23
1.0
6x10
16
0.8
5x10
16
0.6
4x10
16
3x10
16
0.4
2x10
16
0.2
1x10
16
0.0
0
0.0
5.0x10
-15
1.0x10
-14
1.5x10
-14
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
(c)
(d)
Cell volume, V [m
3
]
Temperature, T [°C]
1.0
7x10
16
PIIF
PIIF
detect
PIIF
init
Temp
erature [°C]
22
-3
-13
-23
6x10
16
0.8
5x10
16
0.6
4x10
16
0.4
3x10
16
2x10
16
0.2
1x10
16
0.0
0
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
0.0
5.0x10
-15
1.0x10
-14
1.5x10
-14
(e)
(f)
Cell volume, V [m
3
]
Temperature, T [°C]
7x10
16
Temperature [°C]
22
-3
-13
-23
1.0
6x10
16
0.8
5x10
16
PIIF
50
PIIF
detect
PIIF
init
0.6
4x10
16
3x10
16
0.4
2x10
16
0.2
1x10
16
0.0
0
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
0.0
5.0x10
-15
1.0x10
-14
1.5x10
-14
Cell volume, V [m
3
]
Temperature, T [°C]
Fig. 9 Size distribution and PIIF computed in absence of CPA at different cooling rates: (a-b)
-1C/min; (c-d) -50C/min; (e-f) -400C/min (adapted from [
10
])
It is shown that, at the lowest cooling rate investigated (i.e. -1C/min) the
behaviour of the cells of any size class of the population is very similar: significant
dehydration (see Fig.
9
a, where cell shrinkage is reflected by a cell size distri-
bution moving significantly towards smaller volumes), slow and only partial icing
(see in Fig.
9
b, PIIF very different from PIIF
init
and negligible PIIF
detect
). As a
consequence, at this low cooling rate a non-lethal IIF may result for any size class
of the cell population, but solution injury may play a role due to the extended
dehydration.
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