Computational Modeling of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds as Delivery Devices for Mechanical and Mechanically Modulated Signals - Computational Modeling in Tissue Engineering - page 129

Fig. 6 Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into several lineages including chondrocytes
(orange in online version of the figure), osteoblasts (blue in online version of the figure), and
adipocytes (green in online version of the figure). (Top) Prior to mesenchymal condensation,
upregulation of notch signals for chondrogenesis, which upregulates Sox9, one of the first
transcription factors regulating endochondral ossification. (Bottom) In addition to direct
formation of woven bone during intramembranous ossification (described in context of the one
stage bone transport procedure), bone also forms via endochonral ossification, as shown
schematically; cells (a) proliferate and organize into the condensed mesenchyme comprised of
osteochondroprogenitor cells (b). The cells of the condensed mesenchyme differentiate into
chondrocytes (c) and the cells at the center of the condensation stop proliferating and become
hypertrophic (d). Perichondral cells adjacent to the hypertrophic chondrocytes differentiate into
osteoblasts (e) and form the bone collar (b, c) as the invasion of blood vessels begins concomitant
to continued osteoblast differentiation. Adapted from [ 27 ], used with permission. Please refer to