Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 4 Cell density (a) and oxygen tension (b) inside cell-seeded fibrin hydrogels as predicted by
the mathematical model. Cell density is expressed in 10
6
cells/ml and oxygen tension in
percentage. Figure reprinted from [
25
]
foam scaffolds with an integrated arteriovenous loop [
15
]. Based on the results of a
computational model describing tissue growth and oxygen diffusion in the scaf-
fold, they argued the need for a heterogeneous seeding pattern in which a small
tissue biopsy of the desired tissue would be placed close to the blood vessel loop.
This system would better tune angiogenesis and cell outgrowth, reducing the
incidence of deficient oxygen transport to the cells and hence improve tissue
functionality.
4 Nutrients and Metabolites
Cellular energy metabolism is not only dependent on the presence of a single
solute, but on the entire environment of nutrients and metabolites [
7
,
110
,
113
].
Reported mechanisms of this interdependent behavior include the stimulation of
OUR of cells exposed to low glucose conditions, known as the Crabtree effect [
20
,
51
,
52
,
96
]. This relationship can be expressed in mathematical terms using an
exponential decay function [
130
],
OUR
¼
a
1
þ
a
2
e
c
glc
=
a
3
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