Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
various physiological conditions and a high magnetic moment. The chemical
and magnetic stabilities of iron oxide NMs coupled with their low level tox-
icity in biological systems make them attractive for medical applications.
113
However, nonuniformity in size and shape has slowed down the advances in the
biomedical applications of MNPs. Numerous changes in the parameters during
synthesis have generated MNPs with narrow size and uniform size distribution
in a large-scale production.
114
Among the MNPs, the iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IOMNPs)
have the greatest potential for various medical applications especially for
drug delivery.
89,92,115-117
This is due to the chemical composition of IOM-
NPs which allow them to be biodegradable and nontoxic.
112,115,117-125
Vari-
ous sizes of IOMNPs are commercially available from various sources as
shown in
Table 2.1
. The IOMNPs come in various sizes and different surface
modifications.
2.2.6.1 Protocol for IOMNP Synthesis
112
The materials used for the synthesis were commercially available. Synthesis
was carried out using clean reaction vessels and standard airless procedures.
2.2.6.1.1 Method for Fe
3
O
4
Synthesis
Absolute ethanol, hexane, phenyl ether (99%), benzyl ether (99%), 1-octadecene
(90%), 1,2-hexadecanediol (90%), 1,2-tetradecanediol (97%), oleic acid (90%),
oleylamine (>70%), D-(+)-glucose, and HABA/avidin, iron(III) acetylaceto-
nate [Fe(acac)
3
], cobalt(II) acetylacetonate [Co(acac)
2
], and manganese(II)
TABLE 2.1 Vendors of IOMNPs
Size (nm)
S
urface modification
Company
5-50
Streptavidin, protein G, antibody,
enzyme (HRP or alkaline phosphatase),
PEG, polyethylene imine (PEI), carboxyl,
amine, chitosan, lipid, dextran
Ocean NanoTech
(Arkansas, USA)
5-10
PEG
Sigma (Missouri, USA)
30-50
Streptavidin, protein A, silica, vinyl,
carboxyl, amine, DNA
TurboBeads (Switzerland)
50-100
Amine silane, glucuronic acid,
bromoacetyl, chitosan, citric acid, starch,
DEAE-starch, phosphate-starch, dextran,
lipid, diphosphate, etc.
Chemicell (Berlin,
Germany)
800
Biotin, streptavidin
Solulink (California, USA)
