Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
US leads the nanotechnology market and accounts for an estimated share of
around 35% of the global nanotechnology market. 112
In January, 2012, Cientifica tracked the growth of government funding to a
total of $67.5 B from 2000 to 2011. 112 They have indicated that nano-enabled
drug delivery therapeutics will grow from a current value of $2.3 B to $136 B
by the year 2021 and will represent approximately 15% of the global nano-
technology market in 2021. 112 It is the healthcare sector that offers the great-
est opportunity to add value to NMs with China as the fastest-growing market
sector. 112 The drug and pharmaceutical industry benefit from the formulation of
nano-enabled drugs because this enables the extension of patents maintaining if
not increasing their existing revenue sources. By 2021, the global growth in the
drug delivery market will be led by Asia with a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of 32.5%. 112 The largest Asian market for nano-based drug delivery
systems will be China that will have a worth more than $18 B and representing
43% of the Asian market. 112 In other countries, France is forecast to surpass
Japan as a drug delivery market within 10 years. 112
BCC research, on the other hand reported that the global nanomedicine
market reached $63.8 B in 2010 and $72.8 B in 2011. 111 They predicted that the
market is expected to grow to $130.9 B by 2016 at CAGR of 12.5% in 2011-
2016. In their report, the central nervous system (CNS) products market reached
$11.7 B in 2010 and $14.0 B in 2011 and expects this market to grow to $29.5 B
by 2016 with a CAGR of 16.1% in 2011-2016 while the anticancer products
market reached $25.2 B in 2010 and $28.0 B in 2011. 111 It is expected to reach
$46.7 B by 2016 at a CAGR of 10.8% in 2011-2016 they said in the report. 111
9.3 SYNTHESIS OF VARIOUS NM s
In Chapter 2, overviews of the various NMs that are currently very useful in
nanomedicine were presented. Several processes for the synthesis of some of
the most common NMs such as QDs, Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), Gold
nanoparticles (AuNPs), Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), liposomes, polymers
(polylactic glycolic acid (PLGA) and polylactic acid (PLA)), chitosan, carbon
nanotubes (CNTs), micelles, and dendrimers were provided with protocols that
are easy to follow and carry out in an academic or small laboratory setting.
Many NMs that are at their infancy were not included because these require
more intense testing of the method and the protocols before their full potential
in medicine can be realized. A selected group of well established nanomaterials
with multiple references from multiple laboratories indicating a more advanced
status in their medical applications were given greater attention. 5,62,71,113,114 A
few of the common current NMs characterization techniques were included
to provide an overview of how the properties of NMs are established. Tech-
niques for characterizing NMs that are at the infancy of development were not
included in the chapter. Instruments that are useful for NMs topography, chemi-
cal composition, size, and shape analytical techniques of particular benefit to
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