Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 8.1 CNTs Toxicity In vivo
84
Organism CNT size
Dosage
Damage
Reference
C57/BL/6J
Mice
MWNTs
L: 3.9 um
D: 49 nm
10, 20, 40,
80 ug/mouse
Pharyngeal
aspiration:
penetration
of alveolar
macrophages
Mercer, 2010
SKH Mice
SWNTs
5 daily dosage
of 40, 60, or
80 ug/mouse
Skin contact:
stress, depletion
of glutathione,
oxidation of
protein thiols, and
carbonyls; skin
thickening
Murray et al.,
2009
104
Balb c mice
SWNTs
L: 10-20 um
D: 100-150 nm
1 mg implanted
in 1 cm incision
Skin contact:
Localized alopecia
Koyama
et al., 2009
103
Wistar rats
MWNTs with
defects
L: 0.7 um
D: 20-50 nm
2 mg/rat/day
Lung inhalation:
pulmonary toxicity
and genetoxicity
Muller, 2008
Wistar rats
MWNTs
L: 0.1-10 um
D: 5-15 nm
0.1, 0.5, 2 mg/
m
3
at 6 h/day,
M-F, 13 weeks
Lung inhalation:
Inlammation
and granuloma
formation in lungs
and associated
lymph nodes
Ma-Hock,
2009
C57BL/6J
mice
SWNTs
D: 1-4 nm
SA: 1040 m
2
/g
0, 10, 20,
40 ug/mouse
Intratracheal
instillation: acute
inflammation,
fibrosis, granuloma
Shvedova
et al., 2005
79
C57BL/6J
mice
MWCNTs in
BSA/saline
dispersion
D: 10-30 nm
L: 2 um average
50 mg/mouse
Injection:
asbestos-like
inflammation,
granuloma
Poland et al.,
2008
77
limit of one QD per target molecule. QDs are currently commercially avail-
able in a number of well-separated colors, all excitable by a single wavelength
(
Figure 8.3
). Different kinds of QDs (e.g. CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs, CdTe/CdS/
ZnS core-shell-shell QDs) have been fabricated and utilized for applications
including biosensing, bioimaging, and disease diagnosis.
4-6,10-13,111,112
Just like other NMs, systematic toxicity assessment of QDs is critical for
their practical medical and biological applications.
123
Many studies have been
