Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 7.4 A few of the Nanoparticle-based Contrast Agents
from the NIH MICAD
NAME
NMs
Detection
Disease
FluidMag
IOMNP
MRI
Tumor
FANPs
Au-Fe
3
O
4
NIR
Tumor,
atherosclerosis, etc
GD4C/Cy5.5-Fn-
64
Cu
nanocages
Cu
PET, NIRF
Tumor
VEGF
121
/rGel-MNPs
Mn-Fe
2
O
4
MRI
Tumor
Gd
2
O
3
@SiO
2
Gd
2
O
3
-SiO
2
MRI
Tumor
Fn-Fe nanocages
Iron oxide
MRI
Atherosclerosis
USPIO-PEG-OCT
Iron oxide
MRI
Tumors
USPIO-anti-CD20 MAb
Iron oxide
MRI
Malignant B cells
VINP-28 NP
Iron oxide
MRI
Atherosclerosis
EuPFC
Eu, PFC
MRI
Thrombosis
tissues.
270
The labeled and unlabeled MSCs had equivalent
in vitro
tumor hom-
ing (104.4 ± 5.6 vs 113.1 ± 16.1 cells per ×10 magnification field;
p
> 0.05) in
transwell migration studies.
270
As shown by MTS NAD(P)H-dependent prolif-
eration assay, or on cell viability, that was exhibited by annexin V flow cytom-
etry apoptosis assay (33.0 ± 4.2% vs 29.4 ± 2.1% dead or apoptotic cells without
and with labeling), the NMs label had no effect on the MSCs. They also showed
that intravenously injected labeled cells could be tracked in vivo to home to
multiple lung metastases.
270
MSCs that were used in the FluidMag studies represent a heterogeneous
subset of pluripotent stromal cells that can be isolated from different adult tis-
sues including adipose tissue, liver, muscle, amniotic fluid, placenta, umbilical
cord blood, and dental pulp, although the bone marrow remains the principal
source for most preclinical and clinical studies.
271,272
MSCs have the potential
to differentiate into cells of diverse lineages such as adipocytes, chondrocytes,
osteocytes, myoblasts, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and astrocytes. One of the most
important characteristics of MSCs is their ability to home in to tumors making
them useful vehicles for directed cancer delivery.
273,274
Although the specific
chemokines responsible for MSC migration are poorly characterized,
273,274
homing to tumors have been confirmed with traditional immunohistochemistry
and other methods. This was used by Loebinger et al. with FluidMAG labeled
MSCs that were imaged to home in tumor with MRI.
270
