Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 6
Nanomedical Devices
Chapter Outline
6.1 Introduction
235
6.3.4 Nanomaterials for
Bladder Implants
6.2 Nanorobots
236
255
6.2.1 Nanosurgery
236
6.3.5 Nanomaterials for
Neural Applications
6.2.2 Nanocameras
239
256
6.2.3 Nanoradiofrequency
antennas
6.4 Prosthesis
257
240
6.5 Tissue Engineering
259
6.2.4 Applications of
Nanorobots
6.5.1 Current Polymer Matrices
for Bionanocomposites
240
262
6.3 Nanochips and
Nanoimplants
6.5.2 Examples of
Bionanocomposites
241
263
6.3.1 Nanomaterials for
Bones
6.6 Cell Repair
267
242
6.6.1 Nanomachines for
Delivery in Cells
6.3.2 Nanomaterials for
Cartilage Applications
268
253
6.6.2 Nerve Cell Repair
269
6.3.3 Nanomaterials for
Vascular Applications
6.6.3 Stem Cells
271
254
6.7 Conclusion
273
6.1 INTRODUCTION
Nanomaterials have been used in combination with biomolecules to create novel
tissue substitutes, biological electronics such as biosensors, sensitive diagnos-
tic systems, and controlled drug delivery systems with significantly improved
performances. NMs are being used in a wide spectrum of nanomedical device
applications. The nanomedical devices are used for nanorobots, nanochips and
nanoimplants, prostheses, tissue engineering, and cell repair. The nanomateri-
als used as components or as additives in creating nanomedical devices have
led to improved biocompatibility and functionality making them superior for
tissue substitutes, tissue regeneration, prostheses, tissue engineering, and cell
repair
1-7
. Nanosurgery is expected to bring a revolutionary change in terms of
neighboring tissue/cell damage during surgery.
4,5,8-18
Nanorobots bring hope to
early diagnosis and targeted drug delivery for early disease treatment such as
cancer
1-5,7,8,11,15,19-27
. Improvements in implants can reduce cost and provide
