Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 4
Nanobiosensors
Chapter Outline
4.1 Introduction
127
4.7 Transduction Detection
Systems for NP Biosensors
4.2 Nanobiosensors Unique
Properties
147
129
4.7.1 Optical Detection
Methods
4.3 Immobilization Strategies
131
148
4.3.1 Direct Adsorption
131
4.7.2 Electronic
Nanobiosensors 155
4.7.3 Other Techniques 158
4.8 Applications 161
4.8.1 DNA Nanobiosensors 161
4.8.2 Protein Nanobiosensors 163
4.8.3 Whole-Cell
Nanobiosensors
4.3.2 Direct Adsorption
Protocol
133
4.4 Covalent Binding
135
4.4.1 Covalent Conjugation
Protocols
136
4.5 Self-assembled Monolayers
139
4.5.1 Preparation of SAMs
on NMs for Protein
Detection
164
4.8.4 Procedure for QD-Based
Detection of Breast
Cancer Cells
140
4.5.2 Preparation of SAMs
on Gold NMs for DNA
Detection
165
4.9 An IOMNP-Based ELISA for
the Detection of Protein
Biomarkers for Cancer
141
4.6 Quantification of Biomolecules
Loaded on NMs
167
142
4.9.1 A Protocol for IOMNP-
Based ELISA Detection
of Breast Cancer Protein
Biomarkers
4.6.1 Quantification of Protein
Capture Probes on the
Surface of NMs
142
167
4.6.2 Quantification of DNA
Capture Probes on the
Surface of NMs
4.10 Conclusions
169
145
4.1 INTRODUCTION
A biosensor is a bioanalytical device that consists of a molecular recognition entity
associated with a physicochemical transducer.
1
The rapid and accurate measure-
ment of molecular entities such as protein biomarkers, genes, cells, and pathogens in
biological samples is among the major challenges in medical biosensors.
2
Recently,
a number of new diagnostic platforms involving dimensions in the nanometer scale
