Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
5
FCR
5
BIC
4
5
4
3
3
3
2
3
1
2
1
6
ECR
2
TRI
4
6
4
1
4
2
2
2
5
10
15
20
5
10
15
20
30
20
5
10
15
20
Session
Figure 5.5
The EMG activation levels for the interactive group (solid lines) and the passive
group (dashed lines with delta makers) during the robot-assisted wrist training, and the
RMSE for the interactive group during the wrist tracking tasks (lower panel, solid line with
circle markers).
were found across the training sessions. The RMSE for the interactive group in
tracking tasks also demonstrated a decreasing trend before Session 8, and then
reached to a steady state in later sessions. The EMG activation levels for all
muscles in the interactive group were higher than those for the passive groups.
In the interactive group, voluntary muscular efforts were needed when doing the
tracking tasks. However, in the passive group, there was no voluntary motor
output required during the CPM treatment. Therefore, the EMG activation levels
in the interactive group were usually higher than those in the passive group.
EMG activities in the passive group during the training were mainly related to the
involuntary muscle spasticity. The reduction in the FCR EMG activation level for
the passive group suggested a decrease of muscle spasticity of this wrist flexor,
which was consistent with the MAS wrist score decrease (
Fig. 5.4(b)
) after the
training. The decreases in the EMG activation levels of FCR and BIC in the
interactive group were associated with two factors, i.e., the reduced involuntary
muscle spasticity, and the decreased muscle activities during a learning process
for a skillful task (Flament
et al.
1999). A steady state (Georgopoulos 1986) reached
Session 7 the wrist tracking skill could be regarded as stably learned by most of
the subjects. It also implied that the decreases in FCR and BIC EMG levels after
Session 7 could be mainly related to the decrease of muscle spasticity.
Figure 5.6
s
hows the changes in the muscle CIs for the interactive group across
the training sessions. The CIs in a training task, e.g., the wrist tracking tasks
