Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter Ten
Upper Extremity Rehabilitation Systems
and Augmented Feedback
Birgit I. Molier
∗
, Gerdienke B. Prange
∗
,Thijs Krabben
∗
,
Michiel J. A. Jannink
∗
,†
, Jaap H. Buurke
∗
,‡
and Hermie J. Hermens
∗
,§
∗
Roessingh Research and Development, 7500AH Enschede, The Netherlands
†
University of Twente, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 7500AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
‡
Rehabilitation Centre 'the Roessingh', 7500AH Enschede, The Netherlands
§
University of Twente, Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems,
7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
10.1 INTRODUCTION
With ageing, the incidence of neurological diseases, such as stroke, increases
strongly. This induces a substantial increase of the strain on health care. By
using innovative technologies, such as robotics and augmented feedback, intensive
practice with reduced amount of health care professionals can be accomplished.
In this chapter an overview is given of the problems and possible solutions
concerning arm rehabilitation for stroke survivors, based on current research.
10.2 STROKE
A stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is a major cause of mortality and
permanent disability in the world. In Europe the estimated amount of people
experiencing a first stroke varies between 460 thousand and 1.1 million people
every year (Ijzerman 2005). In the US every year around 780 thousand people
experience a first or recurrent stroke (Rosamond 2008).
10.2.1 Definition
Stroke can be defined as a neurological deficit due to damage to the blood supply
of the brain.
This can be ischemic or hemorrhagic.
An ischemic stroke is due
