Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
supported the weight of the legs from the pedal while pivoting around the heel
area (Kim, 2007). The main function of the AFO was as a cavity for the SCI
users' leg to control the involuntary lateral knee movements due to gravity and
movement while they were seated on the exercise machine. However, the released
ankle joint allowed constrained FES-induced leg movements to the sagittal plane.
The AFO produced greater ankle joint power than released-ankle cycling
(Hamzaid, 2009). This feature may assist ankle joint restrengthening in which
FES-evoked seated stepping is more relevant to walking as compared to cycling.
Nevertheless, the current state of research does not support the use of released
ankle joint during FES-evoked cycling. For example, ankle power was found to be
10% less when released than during fixed ankle cycling (van Soest, 2005). Further
research has to be conducted to design the optimal of ankle foot orthoses during
FES (Trumbower, 2005). A well designed constrained-ankle orthoses combined
with FES would be able to achieve the best physio-therapeutical effects. In short,
by optimizing the mechanical foundation of the system, a more dose-potent mode
of exercise could be attained.
7.6 CONCLUSIONS
FES-evoked exercise systems can enhance the aerobic fitness, muscle strength and
endurance, and improve physiological outlook in individuals with SCI. Future
uses of these devices will play a role in “activity-based therapies”, both during
acute rehabilitation and to provide benefits to those with long-standing SCI.
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