Biomedical Engineering Reference
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by 0.04 mAcm
-2
for 3 h, which was then followed by another 3 h
at 0.02 mAcm
. The stepwise growth produced uniform, oriented
nanowires on a variety of flat and rough surfaces [120].
-2
Figure 1.10
Schematic drawing of the steps for growing oriented conducting
polymer nanowires. (a) Schematics of the reactions in the electrochemical
cell. (b) Schematics of the nucleation and growth.
The PANI films prepared by the above method appear to be
fairly uniform with the diameters of the tips ranging from 50 nm
to 70 nm. The direct electrochemical synthesis of large arrays of
uniform and oriented nanowires of conducting polymers with a
diameter much smaller than 100 nm, on a variety of substrates
(Pt, Si, Au, carbon, silica), without using a supporting template
was studied [121]. Ordered PANI nanowires tailored by such
stepwise electrochemical depositions showed remarkably
enhanced capacitance [122]. The superior capacitive behaviors
of PANI nanowires show great potential in the application of
supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries.
The same galvanostatic template free, site-specific
electrochemical method was developed to precisely fabricate
individual
and
addressable
conducting
polymer
nanowires
on
electrode
junctions
in
a
parallel-oriented
array
[123].
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