Biomedical Engineering Reference
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patterns were recorded at room temperature using a Siemens D5000
diffractometer with Cu K
α
radiation (1.5406 Å) with a recording
scan 0.133°/min.
As-formed ntTiO
2
nanotube layers onto Ti foils are amorphous
as determined by XRD (Fig. 5.9a,b) irrespective of the thickness (600
or 900 nm) obtained because the only peaks that can be indexed
are for Ti (JCPDS file no. 5-682). The annealing of ntTiO
layers
at 450°C in air for 3 h (Fig. 5.10) leads to a partial crystallization
into anatase structure. Two new peaks at about 25.3° and 47.9° are
detected, corresponding to the (101) and (200) reflections of the
anatase phase
2
Figure 5.6
SEM micrograph of the Ti foils anodized for 5 min at 20 V in 1
M H
PO
+ 1 M NaOH + 0.3%wt HF (note: showing the nucleation points).
3
4
(b)
(a)
(c)
(d)
Figure 5.7
SEM micrographs of the Ti foils anodized at 20 V in 1 M H
PO
3
4
+ 1 M NaOH + 0.3%wt HF for (a) 20 min and (b) 4 h (top view). Idem from
cross section for (c) 20min and (d) 4 h.
 
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