Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 4
IMIDAZOLIUM-BASED IONIC LIQUID
FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS AND THEIR
APPLICATION TO ELECTROANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY
Yuanjian Zhang, Yanfei Shen, and Li Niu
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
lniu@ciac.jl.cn
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Ionic liquids (ILs) are low-melting-point salts, thus forming
liquids that consist only of cations and anions. They are often
applied to any compounds that have a melting point less than
100°C. The first useful IL, ethylammonium nitrate, described by
Walden, seems to have generated little interest; it was not until
the 1980s that the physical and chemical properties of this salt
were investigated [1]. This was followed by the discovery that
several tetraalkylammonium salts form air- and moisture-stable
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