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the Sinai during implementation of the Egypt-Israel peace agreement. The second time was
when Israel withdrew from the Gaza Strip in 2005, when it removed twenty-one settlements,
along with several in the northern West Bank, as a signal to the Palestinians of the benefi ts they
would obtain by making peace.
PROGRESS DESPITE LIMITED RESOURCES
Israel has a tiny, mostly desert, or at least arid, territory; a small population; few natural re-
sources of commercial value; limited rainfall; larger, hostile neighbors; and massive defense
costs.
Having succeeded in what might be called Phase One, the securing and survival of the
state, and Phase Two, achieving general prosperity, Israel now faces Phase Three tasks. Aside
from continuing security and development, these include such post-development missions
as strengthening sometimes neglected areas of social concern: the environment, health, social
welfare, and education — in short, the quality of life and living standards.
The tasks involve better integrating areas of the country and sectors of the population —
more recent immigrants, Arabs (especially Bedouin), Haredim — as well as dealing with gen-
der gaps, gaps related to national origin (Mizrahim), and other matters. The ability to ad-
dress this agenda, however, requires that threats and security problems remain manageable,
for these always must take priority in directing the nation's attention, resources, and activities.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bronner, Ethan, and Sebnem C. Arsu. “Facing Its Worst Natural Disaster, Israel Appeals for Help.” New
York Times , December 4, 2010.
Central Bureau of Statistics, State of Israel. “Men and Women in Israel, 1985 -2005,” February 1, 2007.
Central Bureau of Statistics, State of Israel. “Population and Demography,” January 1, 2007. http://www
.cbs.gov.il /reader/?MIval=cw_usr_view_SHTML&ID=389. [In Hebrew.]
Central Bureau of Statistics, State of Israel. “Sixty Years of Statistics,” May 1, 2008. http://www.cbs.gov.il /
reader/publications /statistical_new.htm#901. [In Hebrew.]
Central Intelligence Agency, United States. “Israel.” CIA World Factbook . https://www.cia.gov/library/
publications /the-world-factbook /geos /is.html.
Consulate General of Israel to the Pacifi c Northwest. “Electric Cars Soon to Charge in Israel,” May 3, 2010.
http://www.israeliconsulate.org /index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=167:electric-
cars-soon-to-charge-through-israel&catid=49:economy&Itemid=240&lang=en.
Dever, William G. “Gezer Revisited: New Excavations of the Solomonic and Assyrian Period Defenses.”
Biblical Archaeologist 47, no. 4 (December 1984): 206 -218.
Faiman, David. “Solar Energy in Israel,” November 2, 2002. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, http://
www.mfa.gov.il / MFA /Facts%20About%20Israel /Science%20-%20Technology/Solar%20
Energy%20in%20Israel.
Gabbay, Shoshana. “The Environment in Israel,” August 2002. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, http://
www.mfa.gov.il / MFA / MFAArchive /2000_2009/2002/8/ The%20Environment%20in%20Israel .
Goldreich, Yair. The Climate of Israel: Observation, Research and Application . New York: Kluwer Aca-
demic / Plenum Publishers, 2003.
Henderson, Simon. “Seismic Shift: Israel's Natural Gas Discoveries.” PolicyWatch , no. 1736, January 4,
2011. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org /templateC05.php?CID=3286.
Invest in Israel. “Israel: Global Center for Breakthrough Innovation: Climate Change,” 2009. http://
www.investinisrael.gov.il /.
 
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