Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
MODELLING THE DRIVERS
National SE
scenarios
Coupled climatic and socioeconomic
scenarios (IPCC)
Downscaling
Flood risk management
strategy
Urban/rural/
coastal futures
Climate and socioeconomic variables at
city and basin scales
MODELLING THE PRESSURES
Population growth
Demographic changes
Urban/rural/coastal
land use scenarios
Models of
urban/rural/coastal
futures
MODELLING THE STATES
Flood risk
Economic, risk to
life, social, natural
environment, etc.
Sources
Rainfall
Runoff
Sea level
Pathways
River networks
Urban surfaces
Flood defences
Floodplains
Receptors
People
Houses
Industries
Infrastructure
MODELLING THE IMPACTS
Economic
Damage: local
Economic: regional
Social
Assessment of impacts
Environmental
Habitats
Biodiversity
EVALUATING THE RESPONSES
Policy options
Portfolios of response
options
Infrastructure
Land use planning
Emissions reduction
Governance and stakeholder
empowerment
Institutional frameworks
Public participation
Regulation
Integrated assessment of policy options risk,
uncertainty, sustainability)
Catchment flood management plans
Coastal management plans
Fig. 2.3
Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR)-broad-scale modelling (BSM) Decision Support Framework.
mesoscale catchments ( 100 km 2 ) was given
a high priority (historically, this is a neglected
scale in hydrological field research), and hydrolog-
ical response has been monitored across a range of
increasing scales, from the hillslope to the meso-
scale. Funding of £2millionwas obtained from the
Natural Environment Research Council under
the JIF (Joint Infrastructure Fund) initiative to
instrument four mesoscale catchments in Eng-
land, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales: the
Upper Eden (337 þ 90 km 2 ), Oona (92 km 2 ), Feshie
(200 km 2 ) and Upper Severn (182 km 2 ), respective-
ly. The catchments were selected to take advan-
tage of existing instrumentation associated with
previous small-scale catchment experiments, in-
cluding the Plynlimon and Coalburn catchments,
Search WWH ::




Custom Search