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In-Depth Information
tal and socioeconomic changes on the UK coast,
and the framework was also used within the OST
Future Flooding project (Evans et al. 2004a, 2004b,
2008).
As part of a review of the impacts of rural land
use and management on flood generation (Project
FD2114), O'Connell et al. (2004, 2005) employed
the DPSIR framework to describe the broad an-
thropogenic context for flood generation on rural
land (Fig. 2.1). This allowed the historic dimension
of land use and management over time to be
considered and how changes inmanagement prac-
tices over time have given rise to concerns about
flood generation. The review found that there is
considerable evidence that agricultural commod-
ity markets and agricultural policies, currently
contained within the EU Common Agricultural
Policy, are key
drivers
that critically influence
land use management. These in turn lead to
pressures
on land and the water environment
generated by intensive agriculture, associated, for
.
integrated assessment of portfolios of response
options based on economic, social and environ-
mental criteria, including measures of vulnerabil-
ity, resilience, adaptability and reversibility;
.
integration of
technical and socioeconomic
modelling
through
agent-based modelling
approaches;
.
quantification of the various sources of
uncertainty and their propagation through the
modelling/decision-making process;
.
the capability to support a multi-level participa-
tory stakeholder approach to decision-making.
All of the above can be represented within the
Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR)
logical framework, which is used widely in inte-
grated environmental and socioeconomic studies
of environmental change. The DPSIR framework,
and variants thereof, has been applied in a number
of recent studies relating to flooding and coastal
management. For example, Turner et al. (1998)
used a DPSIR framework to analyse environmen-
State
(and related
processes)
Drivers
Pressures
Impacts
Markets and
prices
Agricultural
Policy
Regulation
Natural
Resources
Technology
Farmer
Motivation
Climate
change
Unforeseen
events
Increased flood
defence/
mitigation/
damage costs
Resource
degradation
Ecosystem
damage
Social
disruption and
risks
Economic
losses
Soil depletion
and
compaction
Increased
runoff
Soil erosion
Pollution and
reduced water
quality
Sedimentation
Flood
genertion
Intensive
farming
Changes in
land use
Mechanization
Field drainage
Increased
stocking rates
Removal of
field
infrastructure
Mitigate/
enhance
impacts: e.g.
flood defence,
storage/wetland
areas, compulsory
insurance
Modify
drivers: e.g.
“Decoupling”,
Agri-environment,
Product assurance
/obligations
Protect/
enhance state
and processes:
e.g. soil and water
conservation,
protected areas
Relieve
pressures: e.g.
Regulation,
'COGAP', Agri-
environment
Responses / Interventions (regulation, economic incentives, voluntary agreements)
Fig. 2.1
Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework applied to flood generation from rural land
(O'Connell et al. 2004, 2005). COGAP, code of good agricultural practice.
