Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Box 24.1 Eleven guiding principles introduced
by the Flood Policy Study (1989)
through the major rivers with the help of em-
bankments on both sides.
6 River training to protect embankments and
urban centres.
7 Reduction of flood flows in the major rivers
by diversion ontomajor distributaries and flood
control relief channels.
8 Channel improvements and structures to
ensure efficient drainage and promote conser-
vation and regulation.
9 Floodplain zoning where
1 Phased implementation of a comprehensive
Flood Plan aimed at:
. protecting rural infrastructure;
. controlled flooding to meet the needs of
agriculture, fisheries, navigation, urban
flushing
and annual recharge of surface water and
groundwater resources.
2 Effective land and water management in
protected and unprotected areas.
3 Measures to strengthen flood preparedness
and disaster management.
4 Improvement of flood forecasting and early
warning.
5 Safe conveyance of the large cross-border
flows to the Bay of Bengal by channelling them
feasible
and
appropriate.
10 Coordinated planning and construction
of all rural roads, highways and railway em-
bankments with provision for unimpeded
drainage.
11 Encourage popular support by involving
beneficiaries in the planning, design and oper-
ation of flood control and drainage works.
1988, a number of studies on the flood problem of
Bangladeshwere carried out under the FloodAction
Plan (FAP). Based on the 11 guiding principles, FAP
was to set the foundation for a long-term pro-
gramme to achieve a more permanent and compre-
hensive solution to the flood problem and to create
anenvironment for sustained economicgrowthand
social improvement. FAP emphasized the need for
substantial changes infloodmanagement ideas and
approach, and controlled flooding rather than no
flooding was advocated. The concept of compart-
mentalization was introduced and is currently un-
der test in the north-central region of Bangladesh.
The objective of compartmentalization is to regu-
late floods within certain desirable ranges coincid-
ing with local needs. According to the National
Water Management Plan Project (NWMPP 2000)
the main legacies of FAP are as follows:
. Increased emphasis now being placed on social
and environmental aspects as well as fisheries,
navigation and the need for full popular participa-
tion and consultation.The justification for large-
scale public sector FCD and irrigation projects has
come under increasingly stringent review.
. The FAP regional plans and the Meghna Estuary
Study provide a useful basis for integrated water
resource planning at the regional and subregional
level and as inputs for national planning - despite
changes in water sector policy and strategy since
their formulation.
. Detailed Guidelines for Project Assessment
(GPA), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
and Social Impact Assessment (SIA) were produced.
. Useful practical experience with specific tech-
nical options has been gained through the pilot
projects, particularly on river bank protection,
compartmentalization, flood
platforms, fish
passes and dredging.
. Substantial further improvements have been
made to the country's database, particularly with
spatial data, and a wealth of studies is available.
The rehabilitation and improvement of existing
schemes, rather than new development, was given
attention in FAP. The FAP Summary Report, pub-
lished in December 1995, presented a proposed
framework and short-term (1995-2000) programme
for future development. This implementation pro-
gramme centred on completion of FAP activities,
floodproofing, river management and coastal pro-
tection, urban FCD, and water and flood manage-
ment. The Bangladesh Water and Flood
Management Strategy (BWFMS) was the major
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