Applications - Surface Based Remote Sensing of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer - page 118

Table 4.4 Direct measurements of the momentum flux using profiling techniques (updated from Engelbart et al. 2007 )

Device Reference Res./range Examination Restriction

RADAR Scanning and dual,

10 GHz

Rabin et al. ( 1982 )
Kropfli ( 1986 )

~100/200-2000 m Isolated comparison

with mast and
aircraft

Shortage of scatterers

Scanning, 10 GHZ +
chaff

Schneider and Lilly ( 1999 ) ~100/200-3500 m Comparison with mast

and aircraft

Chaff air contamination

Five-beam, 1.238 GHz Puygrenier et al. ( 2004 ) 75-2000 m Comparison with

aircraft

Ground clutter

LIDAR Scanning Eberhard et al. ( 1989 )

Gal-Chen et al. ( 1992 )

~100/400-1500 m Tested Integration time of ~1.5

hours

Scanning and dual Levinson ( 1998 )

Middleton and Davies
( 2004 )

~100/400-1500 m Used in urban

turbulence studies

Integration time of ~1.5
hours

Scanning Pichugina et al. ( 2005b )

Banta et al. ( 2006 )
Smalikho et al. ( 2005 )

~30/50-300 m Comparison with mast,

used in low-level jet
studies

SODAR Phased-array system Helmis et al. ( 2004 ) 40/50-400 m Tested Low sampling rate

Vertically pointing Kouznetsov et al. ( 2004 )

Kouznetsov et al. ( 2007 )

20-400 m Experimental Additional assumptions

needed

RADAR-RASS 915 MHz Angevine et al ( 1993a , b ) ~100/150-900 m Comparison with

aircraft

1235 MHz Peters and Kirtzel ( 1994 )

Lippmann et al. ( 1996 )
Hirsch and Peters ( 1998 )

~40/120-800 m Tested Special measurement mode