Integration of Traffic Simulation and Propulsion Modeling to Estimate Energy Consumption for Battery Electric Vehicles - Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Application - page 15

Fig. 8. Comparison of the effect of road gradient on the three types of roads: freeway, urban
highway and residential road

4 Energy Consumption Calculation

Using the results presented in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 It is possible to develop a meta-model
to estimate energy consumption over a section of road if the distance d is known and
the travel time t can be estimated.

Fig. 9. The effect of accessory loads on the energy consumption on flat ground on the three
road types