Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
Conventional mass tourism
Alternative forms of tourism
General features
Rapid development
Slow development
Maximises
Optimises
Socially/environmentally inconsiderate
Socially/environmentally considerate
Uncontrolled
Controlled
Short term
Long term
Uncontrolled
Controlled
Sectoral
Holistic
Remote control
Local control
Development strategies
Development without planning
First plan, then develop
Project-led schemes
Concept-led schemes
Tourism development everywhere
Development in suitable places
Concentration on 'honey-pots'
Pressures and benefi ts diffused
New building
Re-use of existing buildings
Development by outsiders
Local developers
Employees imported
Local employment utilised
Urban architecture
Vernacular architecture
Tourist behaviour
Large groups
Singles, families, friends
Fixed programme
Spontaneous decisions
Little time
Much time
'Sights'
'Experiences'
Imported lifestyle
Local lifestyle
Comfortable/passive
Demanding/active
Loud
Quiet
Shopping
Bring presents
Figure 15.1 Characteristics of mass versus alternative tourism
Source: Adapted from Butler (1990); Lane (1990).
not a solution, to the alleged problems associated with mass tourism develop-
ment. Therefore, it evolved into the broader perspective of sustainable tour-
ism development which embodies, according to Jafari (1989), a greater
knowledge and understanding of tourism's developmental processes under-
pinned by contributions from a variety of disciplines.
Questions remain, however, about the extent to which sustainable
tourism development is achievable in practice. That is, although the last
two decades have witnessed widespread support for and adherence to the
principles of sustainable tourism, it remains the subject of intense debate,
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