Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
MICROENGINEERED POLYMER- AND
CERAMIC-BASED BIOMATERIAL
SCAFFOLDS: A TOPICAL REVIEW ON
DESIGN, PROCESSING, AND
BIOCOMPATIBILITY PROPERTIES
G
ARIMA
T
RIPATHI
1
AND
B
IKRAMJIT
B
ASU
2
1
Laboratory for Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
2
Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore, India
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Biomaterials are a class of engineering materials that can be used in tissue
replacements, reconstructions, and regeneration without any long-term adverse
effect. The development of biomaterials and manufacturing techniques broadened
the diversity of applications for various biocompatible materials. A synthetic
material or processed natural material is engineered to treat or replace any compo-
nent or function of a biological organism while in continuous or intermittent contact
with biological cells or tissues. Any natural or synthetic material complying with this
definition is broadly classified as a biomaterial. In a nutshell, “A biomaterial is a
substance that has been engineered to take a form which, alone or as part of a
complex system, is used to direct, by control of interactions with components of
living systems, the course of any therapeutic or diagnostic procedure, in human or
veterinary medicine”.
1
However, in this regard, biocompatibility is of paramount
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