MICRO-AND NANOENGINEERING APPROACHES TO DEVELOPING GRADIENT BIOMATERIALS SUITABLE FOR INTERFACE TISSUE ENGINEERING - Micro and Nanotechnologies in Engineering Stem Cells and Tissues - page 55

TABLE 3.1 Gradient Types Used in Cell Studies and Tissue Engineering

Gradients Materials Used Applications References

Physical
Porosity

Agarose/gelatin gel,
polyacrylamide gel

Electrophoresis, bone tissue
engineering

[3,4]

Mechanical
properties

PLGA nanofiber, agarose
gel, polyacrylamide gel

Cell migration,
differentiation,
tendon-to-bone ITE

[5,6]

Chemical
Composition PLGA nanofiber/

hydroxyapatite (HA),
collagen/HA

Scaffolds with a gradient of
mineralization for ITE

[5,7]

Biological
Soluble
molecules

Poly(2-hydroxyethyl
methacrylate)
(p(HEMA) gel,
polyacrylamide-based
gel

Cell attachment and
migration; cell
proliferation and
differentiation; tissue
engineering, axonal
guidance

[8]

Immobilized
molecules

Polyethylene glycol
(PEG) gel, agarose gel

Cell adhesion and alignment;
cell migration, neurite
outgrowth, tissue
engineering

[9,10]

ITE ¼ interface tissue engineering.
Modified from Ref. [1] with permission from Elsevier.

FIGURE 3.2 Poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate hydrogel in a microchannel with a chemical
composition gradient and its correlated thickness and porosity (scale bar: 50 m m). Adapted
from Ref. [1] with permission from John Wiley & Sons.