Digital Signal Processing Reference
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Fig. 2.63 ( a ) PDF and ( b ) distribution of the variable Y
a
f x (x)
b
Y
0.5
U
x
X
U
Fig. 2.64 Input random variable and its transformation. ( a ) PDF. ( b ) Transformation
Find the PDF, distribution, and variance of the random variable Y , when the
random variables X and Y are related, as shown in Fig. 2.64b .
Answer The output random variable Y is discrete, taking the value U when the
variable X is positive and the value U when the variable X is negative.
Therefore,
PfY ¼ Ug¼PfX>
0 0
:
; PfY ¼Ug¼PfX<
0 0
:
:
5
5
(2.484)
The corresponding PDF will have delta functions at the discrete points U and
U , each with the area equal to 1/2 (Fig. 2.65a ). The distribution will have two
jumps, each equal to 0.5 at the discrete points U and U , as shown in Fig. 2.65b .
Note that
the PDF is symmetrical around
y ¼ 0, resulting in E { Y } ¼ 0.
The corresponding variance is:
2
2
s Y ¼ EfYg
ðEfYgÞ
2
5 U 2
¼ U 2
¼ 0
:
þ 0
:
5 ðUÞ
:
(2.485)
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