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factors lead to inconsistency that is not crippling in social interaction. Nonetheless, society does
not crumble. Similarly, an interface need not be Miss Manners (Martin, 1998), Dale Carnegie
(Carnegie, 1990), or Don Juan (Byron, 1988) to have success with users. While a number of aca-
demic disciplines have endeavored to precisely list every social rule for every social characteris-
tic and culture, a complete list is likely unachievable and certainly unnecessary. In a sense, all
people are experts on social interactions. Designers simply have to ask “What would a person
do?” and be guided by the answer. Even if not perfect, this strategy will create interfaces that are
more human, more consistent, and more humane.
NOTE
1. Because U.S. accents are not associated with particular races, it is not unusual to hear someone who
is Korean in appearance speak with an American accent. Ideally, this study would have been done with
Australian participants. As a compromise, we view Australian culture as closer to U.S. culture than to
Korean culture and interpret the study accordingly.
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