VALUE SENSITIVE DESIGN AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS - Human-Computer Interaction and Management Information Systems: Foundations - page 346

Table 16.1

Human Values (with Ethical Import) Often Implicated in System Design

Human Value Definition Sample Literature

Human Refers to people's physical, material, Leveson (1991); Friedman, Kahn,

Welfare and psychological well-being and Hagman (2003); Neumann (1995);

Turiel (1983, 1998)

Ownership and Refers to a right to possess an object Becker (1977); Friedman (1997b);

Property (or information), use it, manage it, Herskovits (1952); Lipinski and Britz

derive income from it, and bequeath it (2000)

Privacy Refers to a claim, an entitlement, or a Agre and Rotenberg (1998); Bellotti

right of an individual to determine (1998); Boyle, Edwards, and Greenberg

what information about himself or (2000); Friedman (1997b); Fuchs

herself can be communicated to (1999); Jancke, Venolia, Grudin,

others Cadiz, and Gupta (2001); Palen and

Dourish (2003); Nissenbaum (1998);
Phillips (1998); Schoeman (1984);
Svensson, Hook, Laaksolahti, and Waern
(2001)

Freedom from Refers to systematic unfairness Friedman and Nissenbaum (1996); cf.

Bias perpetrated on individuals or groups, Nass and Gong (2000); Reeves and Nass

including preexisting social bias, (1996)

technical bias, and emergent social
bias

Universal Refers to making all people Aberg and Shahmehri (2001);

Usability successful users of information Shneiderman (1999, 2000); Cooper and

technology Rejmer (2001); Jacko, Dixon, Rosa, Scott,

and Pappas (1999); Stephanidis (2001)

Trust Refers to expectations that exist Baier (1986); Camp (2000);

between people who can experience Dieberger, Hook, Svensson, and

goodwill, extend goodwill toward Lonnqvist (2001); Egger (2000); Fogg and

others, feel vulnerable, and Tseng (1999); Friedman, Kahn, and

experience betrayal Howe (2000); Kahn and Turiel (1988);

Mayer, Davis, and Schoorman (1995);
Olson and Olson (2000); Nissenbaum
(2001); Rocco (1998)

Autonomy Refers to people's ability to decide, Friedman and Nissenbaum (1997); Hill

plan, and act in ways that they believe (1991); Isaacs, Tang, and Morris

will help them to achieve their goals (1996); Suchman (1994); Winograd

(1994)

Informed Refers to garnering people's Faden and Beauchamp (1986);

Consent agreement, encompassing criteria of Friedman, Millett, and Felten (2000);

disclosure and comprehension (for The Belmont Report (1978)

“informed”) and voluntariness,
competence, and agreement (for
“consent”)

Accountability Refers to the properties that ensures Friedman and Kahn (1992); Friedman and

that the actions of a person, people, or Millet (1995); Reeves and Nass (1996)

institution may be traced uniquely to
the person, people, or institution

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