Information Technology Reference
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Figure 14.2
An Abstract Model of Individuals Interacting with Object (IIO)
Affective Reactions
Toward Interacting
with Objects
P1-1
P2-1
Behavioral
Intention/Behavior
of Interacting with
Objects
P3-2
P3-1
Traits
P1-2
P2-2
Cognitive Reactions
Toward Interacting
with Objects
1997; Leventhal, 1984; Mattila and Wirtz, 2000; Wegener et al., 1995; Zajonc, 1980; Zajonc, 1984;
Zajonc and Markus, 1982); and (3) trait
behavioral intention/behavior (e.g., Abelson et al., 1982;
Bagozzi et al., 1999; Bettman et al., 1998; Breckler and Wiggins, 1989; Chen and Dubinsky, 2003;
Crites et al., 1994; Dube et al., 2003; Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975; Garbarino and Edull, 1997;
Kroeber-Riel, 1984; Lu and Lin, 2002; Murry et al., 1992; Pham et al., 2001; Trafimow and
Sheeran, 1998; Weiss, 2002; Weiss et al., 1999; Zhou and Bao, 2002; Zigurs and Buckland, 1998).
The basic idea of the IIO model is that an individual's traits influence both affective reactions
and cognitive reactions that he or she has toward interacting with the object. These two types of
reactions influence each other, either at a different stage of the process or at the same time. These
two reactions together determine the final behavioral intention or behavior of interacting with the
object. We use the general term “interacting” to indicate different possible actions a person can
have on objects. For example, in the IT context, interacting with objects can be using IT. In the
consumer context, interacting with products can be buying products. We hope that this abstract
model is general enough to be applied to a number of situations and contexts where individuals
have to interact with objects in the environment.
The relationships in the model are represented in the form of propositions below. These propo-
sitions will be further verified or confirmed by studies in the IS field in the next section.
→
P1-1:
Traits have impacts on affective reactions
P1-2:
Traits have impacts on cognitive reactions
P2-1:
Affective reactions influence behaviors/behavioral intentions
P2-2:
Cognitive reactions influence behaviors/behavioral intentions
P3-1:
Affective reactions influence cognitive reactions
P3-2:
Cognitive reactions influence affective reactions
THE ROLE OF AFFECT IN IS
An extensive literature search through various databases and academic journals resulted in a total
of fifty-one papers with affect and IS foci; these are reviewed in this research. Appendix 14.1 lists
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