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Figure 7.5
Counts of Use of Articles Over Time
Citations to CT
40
35
30
15
25
12
20
9
19
11
5
13
15
10
7
8
7
9
10
8
1
4
1
1
8
5
8
2
5
3
8
3
7
7
6
1
5
4
4
3
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
0
Year
Typology
Framework
Definition
Mention
• The majority of articles (115/232 or about half) were coded as “mention,” meaning that a CT
article was cited (e.g., in a discussion of coordination), but that the research did not use the
definition, modeling framework, or typology of dependencies and mechanisms proposed by
Malone and Crowston (1994). (Indeed, a few articles included a CT reference without any
discussion in the text of the paper.)
• The next largest group of articles (63/232 or just over a quarter) used the definition of coor-
dination proposed by Malone and Crowston (1994) (“coordination is management of depend-
encies”), but not other aspects of the work.
• A small number of papers (10/232 or 4 percent) used the definition and the modeling frame-
work (actors working on tasks that create or use resources) but not the typologies.
• The final set of articles (46/232 or 20 percent) made some use of the typology of dependen-
cies and coordination mechanism. We focused most of our attention on these articles, since
they represented the most substantive use of CT. Examples of the work in this group of arti-
cles are discussed below.
Figure 7.5 shows the count of articles by classification over time. The figure suggests a
steady interest in CT over time (note that the citation counts for 2003 and especially 2004 are
incomplete).
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