ADVANCING THE THEORY OF DSS DESIGN FOR USER CALIBRATION - Human-Computer Interaction and Management Information Systems: Foundations - page 68

8. When the event is occurring:

Lydia is in Baltimore or Karl is in LA (but not both)
Lydia is in Detroit or Marcie is in Minneapolis (but not both)
Lydia is in Baltimore or Marcie is in Detroit (but not both)
The event is occurring. What follows?
a. Lydia's in Detroit/Marcie's in Minneapolis
b. Marcie's in Detroit/Karl's in LA
c. Karl's in LA/Lydia's in Baltimore
d. Marcie's in Detroit/Lydia's in Baltimore

9. When the event is occurring:
Julia is in Atlanta or Ralph is in Tacoma (or both)
Julia is in Seattle or Paul is in Philadelphia (or both)
Ralph is in Tacoma or Paul is in Philadelphia (or both)
The event is occurring. What follows?
a. Ralph's in Tacoma/Paul's in Philadelphia
b. Ralph's in Tacoma/Julia's in Atlanta
c. Paul's in Philadelphia/Ralph's in Seattle
d. Julia's not in Atlanta/Paul's in Philadelphia

10. When the event is occurring:
Carmen is in Chicago or Ralph is in Tacoma (but not both)
Carmen is in Chicago or Paul is in Philadelphia (but not both)
The event is occurring. What follows?
a. Carmen's in Chicago/Ralph's in Tacoma
b. Carmen's in Chicago/Paul's in Philadelphia
c. Paul's in Philadelphia/Ralph's not in Tacoma
d. Paul's in Philadelphia/Ralph's in Tacoma

NOTES

1. See Dalal and Kasper (1994) for discussions of type of abstraction as it relates to the interaction of
DSS, user, and problem.
2. The Vividness of Visual Imagery questionnaire produces an index on the quality of mental images
formed by a respondent. Based on ratings from 1 (the mental image is clear and vivid) to 5 (no mental image
is formed at all) for sixteen descriptions, the instrument's reliability is reported to range from 0.85 to 0.94,
and it has been used in over one hundred studies (Marks, 1973; McKelvie, 1995).
3. We wish to thank Malcolm Bauer and P. N. Johnson-Laird for providing us with copies of their material.
4. Bauer and Johnson-Laird introduced the standby position of the switch (in which it is neither on nor
off) so that the circuit problems would be equivalent to the three people-and-places problem possibilities:
A may be in X, or A may be in Y, or A may be in neither X nor Y.
5. Based on 34,425 two-digit, self-reported responses, Winkler (1971) reported that 85 percent of the
estimates ended in either zero or five (i.e., .05, .10, .15, .20 .25, etc.), and that these tendencies remained vir-
tually constant over thirteen trials. In other words, given a choice, respondents tend to report their decision
confidence in increments of 0.05.

REFERENCES

Aldag, R.J., and Powers, D.J. An empirical assessment of computer-assisted decision analysis. Decision
Sciences , 17, 4 (1986), 572-588.