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(a) Piezoelectric-powered RFID shoes
with mounted electronics
(c) Electromagnetic vibration-based
microgenerator devices
Piezoelectric Generator
Power Circuit
Radio
(b) Vibration powered wireless sensor node
FIGURE 1.19
Examples of TEH systems. (From N. Shenck and J. Paradiso, “Energy scavenging with shoe-
mounted piezoelectrics,” IEEE Micro , vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 30-42, 2001 [46]; S.J. Roundy, “Energy
scavenging for wireless sensor nodes with a focus on vibration to electricity conversion,” Ph.D.
Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2003 [47]; P. Glynne-Jones, M.J. Tudor, S.P. Beeby, and
N.M. White, “An electromagnetic, vibration-powered generator for intelligent sensor systems,”
Sensors and Actuators , vol. 110, no. 1-3, pp. 344-349, 2004 [48].)
A similar approach has been taken by Roundy [47], where piezoelectric gener-
ators such as seen in Figure 1.19b have been developed as an attractive method
to power wireless transceivers. Other vibration energy harvesting (VEH) re-
search work being reported include wearable electronic textiles [49] and elec-
tromagnetic vibration-based microgenerator devices (see Figure 1.19c ) for
intelligent sensor systems [48]. Meninger et al. have also demonstrated an
electromagnetic vibration-to-electricity converter in their research work [50]
that can produce 2.5
Wofelectrical power in cubic centimetres. Similarly,
another piece of research work discussed by Mitcheson et al. [51] indicated
that up to 4
W/cm 3
can be achieved from vibrational microgenerators (on
the order of 1 cm 3
in volume) that typical human motion (5 mm motion
 
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