Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
(A)
(B)
a
a
g
g
b
h
h
b
d
e
ef
c
c
i
j
l
s
i
R
L
m
m
s
k
s
l
n
n
o
o
r
p
r
P
q
q
Figure 2.12 Carcase of bullock. (A) Position of lymph nodes: a, popliteal; b, superficial inguinal; c, precrural; d, deep inguinal; e, external
iliac; f, internal iliac; g, ischiatic; h, sacral; i, lumbar; i , renal; m, xiphoid; n, suprasternal; o, presternal; p, prepectoral; q, middle cervical;
r, costocervical; s, intercostal. (B) Direction of the lymph flow: I, lymph from intestine; S, lymph from stomach; L, lymph from liver; R, recep-
taculum chyli; j, lymph from posterior mediastinal lymph node discharging into thoracic duct; k, lymph from bronchial lymph nodes;
l, lymph from anterior mediastinal lymph nodes.
absence of afferent and efferent lymphatics. The haemal
lymph nodes are supplied by arteries which break up in
the gland substance and discharge their blood into tissue
spaces; in this respect, these nodes bear a resemblance to
the spleen and may, in fact, be described as accessory
spleens. Like the spleen, they contain numerous white
blood corpuscles together with red blood corpuscles in
various stages of disintegration, hence the red coloura-
tion of the nodes.
Haemal lymph nodes are numerous in the ox and
sheep but are not found in the horse or pig. In cattle, they
occur especially along the course of the aorta and in the
subcutaneous fat, while in sheep and lambs, they are
most common beneath the peritoneum in the sublum-
bar region, being larger and more numerous in animals
suffering from anaemic and cachectic conditions. The
red lymph nodes of the head and neck of the pig are
frequently mistaken for the haemal lymph nodes.
Lymph nodes of the ox
P: Position. D: Drainage area. E: Destination of efferent
lymph vessels of node. (Nomenclature varies in different
texts, countries, etc.)
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