Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
A
Atmosphere
Topo-
sphere
Lithosphere
B
GEO-ECOSPHERE
NOÖSPHERE
4. The geo-ecosphere (shaded) - the subject matter of physical
geography - including: (A) the natural geo-ecosphere and its
component spheres; and (B) the human-infl uenced geo-ecosphere, or
anthroposphere
groundwater; and the cryosphere, the world of snow, ice, and
'frozen' ground.
Other scientists are, of course, interested in these 'spheres'. The
toposphere, for example, is infl uenced in a major way by the
underlying rocks of the lithosphere, which is studied primarily
by geologists, geophysicists, and geochemists. Atmospheric
scientists - meteorologists, atmospheric physicists, and
atmospheric chemists - study the atmosphere, including its
