Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
of supplying nutrition to fi sh and shrimps. Most research on microbial
mats has addressed bioremediation, within which two major categories
of contaminants are examined: metals and radionuclides, and organic
contaminants. Mats sequester or precipitate metals/radionuclide in a
small volume. Organic contaminants are degraded and may be completely
mineralized (Bender and Phillips, 2004).
Table 8.2
List of commercially available microbial remediators for aquaculture applications
Product
Microbial content
Company / fi rm
ABIL nitrifying
package
Nitrifi ers
Tropical marine centre, London, UK.
Alken Clear-fl o 1002
Bacillus
sp.
Alken Murray Corp., New York, USA.
Alken Clear-fl o 1100
Nitrifying bacteria
Alken Murray Corp., New York, USA.
Alken Clear-fl o 1400
Three species of
Bacillus
+ two
species of Nitrifying bacteria
Alken Murray Corp., New York,
USA.
Ammonix
Nitrifying bacteria
Prowins Bio-Tech Pvt. Ltd., India.
Bactaclean
Nitrifi ers
Enviro-Comp. Services, Inc.,
Dover,USA.
Biogreen
Bacillus subtilis
Activa Biogreen Inc., Wood Dale, USA.
Biostart
Bacillus
sp.
Bio-CAT, Inc., Virginia, USA.
BRF-13A
Nitrobacter
,
Nitrosomonas
Enviro-reps., Ventura, CA, USA.
BRF-1A
Nitrifying bacteria
Enviro-Reps., Ventura, CA, USA.
BRF-4
Enviro-reps., Ventura, CA, USA.
BRF-4
Nitrifying bacteria
Enviro-reps., Ventura, CA, USA.
BZT ® Aquaculture
Nitrifi ers
United-Tech, Inc., Indiana, USA.
Detro Digest
Bacillus
sp.
NCAAH, CUSAT, India.
Eutro Clear
Nitrifying bacteria
Bioremediate. Com, LLC, Atlanta,
USA.
Nitro Clear
Nitrobacte
r,
Nitrosomonas
Bioremediate. Com, LLC, Atlanta,
USA.
PBL - 44
Nitrifying bacteria /
Bacillus
sp.
Enviro-reps. Ventura, CA, USA.
Probac BC
Bacillus
sp.
Synergy Biotechnologies, India.
Pronto
Bacillus
sp.
Hort-Max ltd., New Zealand.
Ps-1
Pseudomonas
sp
.
NCAAH, CUSAT, India.
Remus
Nitrifying bacteria
Avecom, Belgium.
Super PS
Sulphur bacteria
CP aquaculture Pvt. Ltd., India.
Source: Antony and Philip (2006), modifi ed.
A study was undertaken to investigate the biotechnological feasibility
of using indigenous microbial consortia for the construction of microbial
mats for the bioremediation of shrimp culture effl uents. The treatment
concept relied on the immobilization of natural marine microbial
consortium on glass wool to mitigate the levels of dissolved nitrogen from
a shrimp culture effl uent. The results indicated that average effi ciencies of
ammonia nitrogen removal from shrimp (
Litopenaeus vannamei
) effl uent
was 97% and 95% for nitrate nitrogen, over a 20 d period of treatment.
This treatment
via
constructed microbial mats was a technically feasible
