Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
etc., and has a series of advantages over submerged fermentation including
lower cost, improved product characteristics, higher product yield, easiest
product recovery and reduced energy requirement (Ray et al., 2008).
However, chance of outside contamination of undesired microorganisms
cannot be ruled out in this system.
Table 8.1
Representative microorganisms used as bioremediating agents
Bioremediator
Identity
Source
Used with
Method of application
Gram-positive bacteria
Bacillus
sp. 48
Common snook
Centropomus
undecimalis
Added to water;
reduced salinity
Bacillus
sp.
Commercial product
Penaeids
Water
Bacillus
sp.
Commercial product
Channel catfi sh
Spread in pond water
Bacillus
S11
Gastro-intestinal
tract of Penaeids
Shrimp,
Penaeus
monodon
Premix with feed
Bacillus
(DMS series)
Commercial product
Shrimp
, P. monodon
Added to water
Bacillus
(BIOSTART)
Commercial product
Catfi sh,
Ictalurus
punctatus
Added to water
Mixed culture,
mostly
Bacillus
sp.
Commercial product
Brachionus plicatilis
Mixed with water
Enterococcus faecium
SF68
Commercial product
Anguilla anguilla
Oral administration
Gram-negative bacteria
Aeromonas media
Unknown
Crassostrea gigas
Mixed with water
Aeromonas media
Crassostrea gigas
Unknown
Mixed with water
Lactobacillus
plantarum
Scophthalmus
maximus
Turbot larvae
Indirectly
via
rotifers
Lactobacillus
plantarum
(906)
Human faeces
Sea bream,
Sparus
aurata
Dry feed as vector
Lactobacillus
rhamnosus
ATCC 53103
Culture collection
Rainbow trout,
On-
corhynchus mykiss
Mixed with feed
Photorhodobacterium
sp.
Penaeus chinensis
Unknown
Mixed with water
Pseudomonas
fl uorescence
Onchorhynchus
mykiss
Onchorhynchus
mykiss
Mixed with water to
10
5
or 10
6
cells ml
-1
Pseudomonas
sp.
Onchorhynchus
mykiss
Onchorhynchus
mykiss
Mixed in water
Roseobacter
sp. BS 107
Unknown
Scallop larvae
Mixed in water
Source: Antony and Philip (2006), Austin and Brunt (2009).
