Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
• Acting on the microbial communities of the system, including or not
the introduction of live microorganisms, and
• Acting on the host-microbe interactions, which include the use of
immunostimulants.
Steps and type of microbiota
Sources of bacteria
Strategies for control
Acting on microbiota:
EGG
- unspecific
- transitory
Broodstock
- Probiotics
- Prebiotics
YOLK-SAC LARVAE
- unspecific
- transitory
Acting on microbiota:
- Synbiotics
Seawater
- Matured water
- Bacteriophages
Acting on food chain:
- Interference with
quorum-sensing
Algae
- Green water
- Bioencapsulation
FIRST FEEDING
LARVAE
- fermentative
- unspecific
- transitory
Live prey
Acting on host-microbiota
interaction:
- Immunostimulants
Metamorphosis
- development of the gut and stomach acid barrier
- development of immune system
JUVENILES
- fermentative
- specific and unspecific
- permanent?
Fig. 1.1 Steps and interactions in bacterial colonization of fi sh larvae, sources of bacteria and
strategies for bacterial infections control.
These new strategies can be applied to the different developmental
stages in fi sh larvae, from egg to juvenile stage ( Fig. 1.1 ) . Each step of
larval development, is characterized by a different type of associated
microbiota, which is introduced to the system by different ways: via water
(in eggs and yolk-sack larvae) and via live prey (feeding larvae). Some
strategies imply one single manipulation (e.g., addition of probiotics to the
water), whereas others (e.g., bioencapsulation) involve the manipulation
of the food chain. All these facts should be considered when selecting the
strategy to control infections.
Acting on the Microbial Communities of the System
Promoting Benefi cial Bacteria in the System
Matured Water
A major change that occurs during transfer of seawater from the sea to a
closed container is that water comes in contact with large solid surfaces in
 
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