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the GC become apparent, the more is the scope of understanding its immunological
behavior. Matzinger proposed DT so as to explain how the immune system responds
although APC-activating alarm signals arise from the damaged tissues.
h is chapter ends with highlighting a number of features observed in adaptive
immunity from the computational point of view. h us, the purpose of this chapter
is to provide diff erent models so that the characteristics of immune response can be
better understood.
2.8 Review Questions
1. Explain the clonal expansion process. What is the purpose of clonal expan-
sion? How does clonal selection take place?
2. What will happen if there is no mutation in the immune process?
3. What is an idiotypic network?
4. What is the main idea behind IN theory?
5. Discuss the following statement “there is no intrinsic diff erence between an
antigen and an antibody in an idiotypic network.”
6. What motivated the development of diff erent generations of IN models?
7. Explain the main features of the diff erent IN generations.
8. Associate each one of the following characteristics to one of the three IN
generations discussed in this chapter.
a. Try to predict the amount of each kind of antibodies (clone) present in the
blood.
b. Try to explain and describe specifi c clonal immune responses to external
antigens.
c. h is theory competes with clonal selection theory.
d. h is theory is based on the postulate that interactions of B cells with the
network are determined by their a nity to preexisting soluble antibodies
and self-antigens.
e. Interactions of B cells with the network have distinct functional conse-
quences according to a bell-shaped dose response curve.
f. Try to model autonomous behavior of the immune system.
g. It considers free antibodies as well as active B and T cells and
self-antigens.
h. h ese models involved the notion of network dynamics and concept of
metadynamics.
i. It brought two views of the immune system into compatibility, clonal
selection and network theories.
j. Introduced the concept of a central immune system.
k. It incorporates B and T cells cooperation.
l. B cell activation process is considered to occur in two steps: induction and
cooperation.
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