Latest Immune Models and Hybrid Approaches - Immunological Computation: Theory and Applications - page 164

h e results from the simulation with only two cytokines and one type of cell
show that the stronger second stimulus produces a stronger response than the fi rst,
in terms of the increased concentration of cytokine-producing cells (Horne and van
den Bergt, 2007).

6.4.1 Phylogenies of T Cells

Cytokines play an important role in T cell-mediated cellular immunity, which kills
virus-infected cells and tumor cells. Diff erent populations of T cells are regulated
through signal transduction antigen-receptor-mediated pathways (Figure 6.5).

+

T- de l aye d hy p er s e n sit i v it y ( T DH ) lymphocyte, also known as the h 1, CD4

T cell produces lymphokines to direct the cell-mediated immune response.
It produces IL2 (T cell growth factor) that all T lymphocytes must have to
respond to antigen.
T h lymphocyte (T H ), also called h 2, CD4

+

T cell helps stimulate the B cell

response.
T cytotoxic lymphocyte (T cy ) is a CD8

+

lymphocyte that kills vital infected

cells and tumor cells.
T memory cells (T m ) remember immune response, which are of CD4

+

or

+

CD8 types depending on the memory.

(CD4+/CD8+) Lymph node

Mature T cell
(CD4+/CD8+)

Bone
marrow

Thymus
preT

PreT

IL4
IL12

IL12
IFN γ

??

IL2

T H T DH

T s

CTL

Clone

Clone

T m

Figure 6.5 Cytokine network in T cell phylogenesis.