Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
Infection
(PAMPs)
Dangerous
a
c
d
e
f
b
Self
Nonself
abcdef
Responses to
each set
predicted by
SNS
INS
Danger
+
+
+
+
−−
+
+
+
+
+
Universe of antigens according to three models
SNS: self and nonself (a and b)
INS: noninfectious self (a); infectious nonself (f)
Danger Theory (DT): dangerous entities (c, d, e)
and harmless ones
Figure 6.3 Partition of the antigen universe based on three models: SNS, INS,
and DT. (From Matzinger, P., Science , 296, 301, 2002.)
In biology, sometimes killer cells cause a normal cell death; however, this
should not generate further danger signals.
Models should appropriately consider priming killer cells via APCs for greater
eff ect.
Antibody migration rules should specify how many antibodies receive signal
1 and signal 2 from a given APC. DT relies on concentrations of diff erent
kinds of immune cells.
h ese aspects of DT are being used to build better AISs for anomaly detection. In
this case, nonself patterns do not trigger an immune response without a danger signal
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