Vasculature Growth - Tissue Functioning and Remodeling in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems - page 649

Table 10.15. Vasohibins (Source: [ 1302 , 1303 ]). Vasohibin-1 is mainly synthesized in endothelial
cells at the termination zone. Its production is indeed low in proliferating endothelial cells at
the sprouting front, but is high in non-proliferating endothelial cells in the termination zone of
angiogenesis. It halts angiogenesis in the sprouting zone. It also has an antilymphangiogenic
activity. On the other hand, vasohibin-2 is mainly produced in agranulocytes mobilized from the
bone marrow and localized to the sprouting front. It promotes angiogenesis.

Type Effect

Vasohibin-1 Anti-angio- and -lymphangiogenesis

Vasohibin-2 Pro-angiogenesis

mononuclear leukocytes mobilized from bone marrow that infiltrate the sprouting
front (Table 10.15 ). The full-length form of vasohibin-2 (VasH2 FL ) and vasohibin
have comparable inhibitory activity in in vitro angiogenesis. Different alternatively
spliced variants include an isoform with a complete C-terminus and other subtypes
with shorter C-termini.
Both vasohibin-1 and -2 are produced in endothelial cells during mid-gestation.
Afterward, VasH1 and VasH2 persist in arterial endothelial cells from late gestation
to neonate.

10.6.7 G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

The vasculature possesses particular features, especially architecture, in each
perfused organ. The vasculature of the central nervous system is characterized by
a blood-brain barrier, extensive pericyte coverage, and reciprocal interactions with
neurons and glial cells. In addition, it can serve as neural stem cell niche. Brain
angiogenesis occurs concomitantly with barrier creation. Many agents regulate
angiogenesis in the central nervous system, such as the Wnt-

β

-catenin and VEGF-

α β

Nrp1 pathways, 8 -integrins, and inhibitors of DNA binding ID1 (or

bHLHb24) and ID3 (or bHLHb25) [ 1304 ].
G-protein-coupled receptor GPR124 of the adhesion GPCR family (Vol. 3 -
Chap. 7. G-Protein-Coupled Receptors) is highly expressed in endothelium of
the central nervous system as well as pericytes, during embryogenesis (and, to a
lesser extent, in embryonic heart, liver, kidney, lung, and esophagus, as well as
mesenchyme) and in adults with an exclusively vascular expression. It controls
the development of the cerebral vasculature [ 1304 ]. In vivo, pro-angiogenic,
endothelial GPR124 receptor regulates endothelial sprouting and CDC42-dependent
cell migration as well as development of the blood-brain barrier GluT1 marker.

V -and