Vascular Endothelium - Tissue Functioning and Remodeling in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems - page 472

Tabl e 9. 6. Examples of endothelial cell production. Many manufactured molecules are stored
and released upon calcium stimulation. All substances stored in granules (e.g., vWF, tPA, TFPI,
protein-S, and ET1 and ET3) are released by regulated exocytosis. Certain substances such as
tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) are constitutively released, but acute exocytosis from small tPA-
containing vesicles and caveolae is primed by compounds, such as histamine, endothelin (ET),
and cytokines. Endothelial cells control hemostasis, as they produce both urokinase-like (uPA)
and tissue-type plasminogen activators for fibrinolysis as well as plasmalemmal thrombomodulin
(TM that links to thrombin and cleaves carboxypeptidase-B2, or thrombin-activable fibrinolysis
inhibitor [TAFI], into its active form, in addition to be a cofactor that enhances the thrombin-
catalyzed activation of anticoagulant protein-C), and antithrombin-3 (a proteolytic inhibitor), in
addition to secretion of a specific thrombin receptor and peptidase nexin (an inhibitor that binds
to thrombin and plasminogen activators). Endothelial cells also secrete matrix constituents, such
as fibronectin (FN), various types of collagens, laminin (Ln), tropoelastin, von Willebrand protein
(vWF), and thrombospondin (Tsp).

Structure Proteoglycans (hyaluronic acid, DS, HS, KS)

Glycoproteins (Ln, FN, Tsp, vWF)
Collagens-4/8,

Survival HETE

Growth Growth factors (PGDF, gmCSF, gCSF, mCSF)

Growth mediators (NO, 5HT, PGI2, TXA2, Ang2, ROS, TNF α )

Hormones (CNP)

Motility Chemokines (Lkt, HETE)

Semaphorins, plexins

Guidance Delta and Notch, EPH and ephrins, netrin and Unc,

Slit2 and Robo4

Vasomotor ET, NO, H 2 S, PGH2, PGI2, TXA2, EDRF, HETE, EET,

KLF2, adrenomedullin, ATn2, 5HT, ACh, ATP,
ACE, ROS, CNP

Adhesion Integrin, selectin, cadherin,

ICAM1, ELAM1,
13HODE, TxnIP

Inflammation His, Bdk, Ang2, NO, ROS, TNF α

Coagulation PAI1, PGI2, TM, tPA, uPA, TFPI, NO, Protein S,

TXA2, vWF, FV, FIII, PAI,
heparin sulfates, ectonucleotidases

Hormone Adiponectin, CNP,

prolactin, growth hormone, placental lactogen

pulmonary arterial endothelial cells using NADPH oxidase and promotes angio-
genesis. Agent 20HETE activates NADPH oxidase. It protects from apoptosis, as it
activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [ 876 ].
In human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, 20HETE provokes a rapid and
sustained increase in superoxide synthesis by NADPH oxidase. It also raises the