Smooth Myocytes - Tissue Functioning and Remodeling in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems - page 423

Table 8.15. Stimulators and inhibitors of SMC migration (Source: [ 784 ]).

Stimulators Inhibitors

Hormones, biogenic amines, growth factors, and cytokines

Angiotensin-2 Adrenaline

Noradrenaline Dopamine

Histamine Sphingosine-1 phosphate

Serotonin Transforming growth factor- β 1

Fibroblast growth factor-2 Tumor-necrosis factor- α

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor Hypoxia-inducible factor-1

Insulin-like growth factor-1 Interleukins IL1 β ,IL10

Platelet-derived growth factor
Sphingosine-1 phosphate
Transforming growth factor- β 1
Tumor-necrosis factor- α
Vascular endothelial growth factor
Interleukins IL1

β

,IL6

Extracellular matrix components

Collagen-1/4/8 Heparin

Fibronectin Tissue inhibitors of

Laminin metallopeptidases

Hyaluronan
Osteopontin
Thrombospondin
Vitronectin
Matrix metallopeptidases

Miscellaneous

ATP, UTP cAMP, Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids

Thrombin Peroxisome proliferator-activated

γ

Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-

Extracellular molecules that control SMC migration include biogenic amines as
well as growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor 49 and cytokines, in

49 Homodimer PDGFaa made of 2 PDGFa isoforms corresponds to a short-term antimigratory
signal, whereas PDGFbb homodimer yields a short-term promigratory cue. In addition, PDGF
contributes to long-term activation of signaling pathways primed by other growth factors, as it
indirectly provokes synthesis of epidermal (EGF) and fibroblast (FGF2) growth factors in smooth
myocytes.