Vessel Wall - Tissue Functioning and Remodeling in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems - page 354

2: compression
2: retrograde flow

2: contracted muscle

1: relaxed muscle

stiff bulge

venous valve

flow
(venous return)

Fig. 7.3 Venous valves are fully open when neighboring muscles are relaxed. Adjoining muscle
contraction compresses many more avalvular segments of veins than valvar parts that are slighly
dilated and stiffer. Consequently, venous return is favored, but is associated with retrograde flow.
The latter is impeded by valve closure due to blood stream between the vein wall and the valve.

galactoside-binding, soluble lectin LGalS7 (or galectin-7), 10

sciellin (Scel), and

small proline-rich protein SPrR3, 11

-
Catenin, sciellin, SPrR3, and galectin-7, as well as periplakin (PPl) 12 and envoplakin
(EvPl), 13 are arterial intima-enriched components [ 659 ]. 14

are expressed in arteries but not veins [ 658 ]. γ

10 Galectins are β -galactoside-binding proteins that modulate between-cell and cell-matrix inter-
actions. It is specifically expressed in keratinocytes.
11 A.k.a. pancornulin and cornifin-

.
12 A.k.a. 195-kDa cornified envelope precursor protein.
13 A.k.a. 210-kDa cornified envelope precursor protein.
14 In saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts, sciellin and periplakin are upregulated after
arterialization [ 659 ]. Synthesis of sciellin, SPrR3, and periplakin rises upon prolonged exposure of
vascular smooth myocytes in vitro to cyclic strain (24-72 h).

β