Blood - Tissue Functioning and Remodeling in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems - page 4

Tabl e 1. 1. Blood composition and main characteristics in healthy adult male. The blood cells
include erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets. Leukocytes
are divided into 5 classes based on morphological and tinctorial characteristics. Neutrophils,
eosinophils, and basophils are known as granulocytes due to granules in the cytoplasm. Monocytes
and lymphocytes are involved in the body scavenging and defense. The blood plasma consists
of water (90%), the remainder being electrolytes (sodium [Na + ], 142 mmol/l; chloride [Cl − ],
102 mmol/l; and potassium [ K + ], 5 mmol/l), carbohydrates, lipids, an d amino acids, etc.

10 6 /mm 3 Erythrocytes 4.5-5 . 2 ×

Hematocrit 41-47%

10 3 /mm 3 Leukocytes 4-10 ×

Neutrophils 40-70%

Eosinophils 1-2%

Basophils 0.5-1%

Lymphocytes 20-40%

Monocytes 2-10%

2-4 × 10 5 /mm 3 Platelets

Ions 295-310 mEq/l

Protids 70-80 g/l

Lipids 5-7 g/l

Glucids 0.8-1.1 g/l

pH 7.39-7.41

Osmotic pressure 280-300 mosm

Tabl e 1. 2. Approximative water content of body fluid compart ments (l).

Intracellular space 27-30

Extracellular space 14-17

Interstitial fluid 11-13

Plasma 3-4

Total body water 41-47

(3) minor components, such as lymph, 4 cerebrospinal fluid, digestive secretions,
aqueous humor, and pleural, pericardial, and synovial fluids for pleura, pericardium,
and joint lubrication. About 64% of body water is found in the intracellular
space, about 25% in the intertitium (

75% of extracellular liquid, about 8% in the
plasma, and about 3% in the minor compartments (Table 1.2 ).

∼

4 Because of the difference in tissue and blood pressures, blood plasma continuously leaks from
the entrance segment of capillaries. Close-ended lymphatic capillaries return protein-rich lymph
via lymphatic vessels and lymphaticovenous junctions back to the venous compartment of the
blood systemic circulation.