Blood Cells - Tissue Functioning and Remodeling in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems - page 171

Table 3.41. Markers of main macrophage populations (Source: [ 299 ]). Tissue macrophages
include many cell types that differ in location, surface markers and function. Markers of classically
activated, non-classically targeted, and regulatory macrophages are controlled by interferon- ,

interleukin-4, and Toll-like receptors, respectively (CCL: CC-chemokine ligand; CXCL, CXC-
chemokine ligand; IGF1: insulin-like growth factor-1; IL: interleukin; IL27R: IL27 receptor;
NOS2: inducible nitric oxide synthase; RELM: resistin-like molecule; SphK1, sphingosine kinase-
1; NK: natural killer cell; T H : helper T cell).

γ

Marker Function

Classically activated macrophage

CCL15 Recruitment of monocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils

CCL20 Dendritic cell and T-lymphocyte chemoattraction

CXCL9 T-cell migration

CXCL10/11 Recruitment of NK and T cells

IL12 T H1 -cell development

NOS2 Nitric oxide synthesis

Non-classically targeted macrophage

CCL17 Recruitment of T lymphocytes and macrophages

CCL18 Recruitment of lymphocytes, immature dendritic cells,

and monocytes

CCL22 Recruitment of T H2 cells

IGF1 Stimulation of fibroblast survival and proliferation

IL27R α Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production

RELM α Deposition of extracellular matrix

Regulatory macrophage

CCL1 Recruitment of eosinophils and T H2 cells

IL10 Anti-inflammatory cytokine

SphK1 Sphingosine-1 phosphorylation

Dendritic cells possess the receptor plexin-A1 for class-3 and -4 semaphor-
ins [ 310 ]. Plexin-A1 localizes to the trailing edge of migrating dendritic cells.
Semaphorins are involved in dendritic cell entry into lymphatics, their migra-
tion toward lymph nodes, extravasation across the lymphatic endothelium, and
accumulation in lymph nodes. Semaphorin-3A enhances the entry of dendritic
cells into lymphatics initiated by CCL21 chemokine [ 310 ]. Moreover, it promotes
activation of the Rho GTPase effector, RoCK kinase, and hence myosin light chain
phosphorylation and subsequent myosin-2-based stress fiber contraction.
Classical dendritic cells are highly migratory cells that can move from tissues
to the T- and B-cell zones of lymphoid organs via afferent lymphatics and high-
endothelial venules. They are generally short-lived and replaced by blood-borne
precursors during infection as well as in normal condition, except epidermal